Prevalence of Some Causes of Acne Vulgaris and Susceptibility to Antibiotics Against Pathogenic Bacteria in Wasit Province

Abstract

           Acne vulgaris is an achronic inflammatory disease in adolescents. Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) and staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)  are the most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that cause acne S.epidermidis is Gram-positive, cocci, facultative aerobic, and coagulase-negative group (CON) of  Staphylococci isolated in contrast S.aureus which characterized by present of coagulase tow type of pathogens are cultured on blood agar under aerobically. Since the bacteria can form a biofilm to resist antibiotics, the current study aims to investigate the effect of selected antibiotic acne on the pathogens bacteria to avoid resistance by misuse and/or overuse of the drug. Through this accurate study, the skin samples were obtained from acne lesions from a different site (face, shoulder, back, chest) of a total of 105  patients with acne vulgaris attending the Iraqi Dermatology Clinic at AL-Karama Teaching Hospital in Al-Kut province and  41(74.5%) S. epidermidis and 3(5,5%) S. aureus were the results of aerobic culture, The accurate study was done between July 2023 to February 2024, Samples were cultured on Blood agar, identify the bacteria was performed by staining with Gram stain and trade vitek2 system, antibiotic susceptibility test was done and based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2023.

    Additionally, biofilm assay using microtiter plate assay MPA, the results of 41(74.5%) S.epidermidis isolates were 24(58.5%) strong,9(22%) moderate,4(9.8%) weak, and only 4(9.8%) non formed. In comparison, all 3(100%) S. aureus were moderate. In the actual study, the results of antibiotic susceptibility detected that all 41(100%) isolates of S. epidermidis were resistant to ceftazidime, amoxicillin, vancomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and penicillin, followed by while all 41(100%) isolates were susceptible to doxycycline followed by 37(90%) sensitive to rifampin,  29 (70.7%)  ciprofloxacin, and 8 (68.3%) sensitive to azithromycin. Furthermore, all cases of S. aureus (100%) were resistant to ceftazidime, azithromycin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, ampicillin, gentamycin, and penicillin. Conversely, all isolates (100%) were sensitive to doxycycline and clindamycin; however, only 2(66.7%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. While (100%) intermediate to rifampin, erythromycin,  and tetracycline.