Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Ki-67 and Galectin-3 as a Diagnostic marker for Thyroid Carcinoma in Wasit Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/wjps.1038Keywords:
Thyroid Carcinoma, IHC, Ki-67, Gal-3, TissuesAbstract
Thyroid Cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the thyroid gland. Biomarkers can help detect thyroid cancer before obvious clinical symptoms appear, improving early diagnosis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the role of Ki-67 and Galactin-3 (Gal-3) proteins as a biomarker for thyroid cancer diagnosis and to ascertain how these proteins relate to the type and stage of the tumor. This study includes forty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded thyroid carcinoma tissue samples were collected from the archives of Histopathology Department at Al-Karama Teaching Hospital in Wasit Governorate, Iraq which diagnosed by a specialist physician. The streptavidin-peroxidase method was used for immunohistochemical staining. Gal-3 expression was evaluated based on staining intensity and the distribution of positive cells, whereas K-67 expression was evaluated based on the proportion of positively stained nuclei. The mean age of the patients was 44.85 ± 10.3 years, with ages ranging from 24 to 72. Males made about 15% of cases, with women making up the bulk (85%). The most prevalent histological pattern was papillary thyroid carcinoma (85%), which was followed by multifocal papillary thyroid cancer (15%). Stage I diagnoses accounted for 80% of cases, whilst stage II diagnoses made up 20%. 65% of cases had elevated Ki-67 protein levels, which were strongly correlated with the type and stage of the tumor. In 70% of cases, especially papillary thyroid carcinoma, galectin-3 protein levels were substantially positive. They also demonstrated a statistically significant link with the type and stage of the tumor. The findings suggest that Gal-3 and Ki-67 are useful markers for thyroid cancer diagnosis. While Gal-3 may be a crucial diagnostic marker for distinguishing malignant thyroid cancers, Ki-67 shows tumor growth activity and may suggest its aggressiveness.
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